烟道的设计要求及安装标准

2023年12月26日发(作者：计善)

烟道的设计要求及安装标准

烟道的设计要求及安装标准

烟道的设计要求：

1.如果条件允许，首层可以不做成品烟道，而是在二层楼板烟道位置做成局部降板（降低500mm左右），做成首层现浇钢筋混凝土烟道。

2.如果烟道穿过楼板，则在根部做混凝土挡坎，挡坎高度应高出厅房楼板标高200mm。

3.烟道出屋面的部分及风帽必须做成钢筋混凝土整体结构。

4.成品烟道高度与楼层高度一致，烟道必须在楼板位置接缝。

5.烟道的布置方面，如果对外立面没有影响，可以考虑布置在室外，这样既可以增加房间的使用面积，也可减少厨卫漏水隐患。

烟道的安装标准：

1.烟道必须由下向上逐层安装，特别要注意核对烟道型号和楼层。严格按产品型号代号的标记，按顺序安装，安装时绝对不能错装。

2.烟道必须在楼板处接缝安装，上下管道之间的接缝用水泥砂素灰做好密封，管道与楼板间隙用C20细石混凝土填塞，并浇注C20混凝土坎（坎厚80mm，坎顶标高高出厅房楼板标高200mm）。每层排风道要做承托处理（烟道下端预埋铁件，在楼板处焊接角钢承托）。

3.烟道安装后，必须用C20细石混凝土灌实烟道与墙面的间隙。如果间隙过小，则应在安装烟道前，将墙面抹灰，防止烟道万一漏烟串过墙面。

4.施工时不允许异物投入烟道中。烟道施工安装过程中，管口应采取遮蔽措施，直到安装接口件时再拆除。遮蔽为薄壁水泥砂浆时，厂家应在其表面预埋铁丝，方便拆除时外拉，以免造成拆除时薄壁掉入烟道内。

5.为规范和方便厨房烟道与排油烟机的连接，管道厂家应提供专用的排风道进风口接口件，供施工单位在厨房内抹灰时嵌埋。

6.注意首层烟道的沉降，要注意确保首层烟道与建筑共同沉降。

7.清洗烟道表面时，烟道与墙面之间应挂网，防止接缝处开裂。

Regarding the design standards for flues。both the "Trial

Standards for Residential Design in Guangzhou" issued in 1997

and the "Residential Design Standards" promulgated by the

Ministry of n in 1999 require the design of dedicated flues。The

"General Principles for the Design of Civil Buildings" also

stipulates that the height of flues extending from the roof should

not be less than one meter。However。the n of this n in

Guangzhou varies。and the design level is also uneven。For

example。many newly built buildings after after

not design flues at all in order to save n costs or to make

the r more beautiful。The cooking fumes from each household

were directly discharged outdoors。This kind of fume exhaust

method will cause greater n in cross-shaped and butterfly-shaped

residential buildings。Although some buildings have added flues

later。it has affected the r of the building and the exhaust effect is

not good。Some residential buildings with flues have a single type

of flue。mostly vertical single flues。which are limited in that

they are prone to cause fumes to flow back and mix with each

other.

To comply with the design standards for flues。it is necessary

to design dedicated flues for each household。and the height of the

flues extending from the roof should not be less than one meter。For newly built buildings。it is important to ritize the design of

flues over cost savings or aesthetics。This is especially important

for cross-shaped and butterfly-shaped residential buildings。where

the n caused by fumes can be greater。In n。it is necessary to

consider the type of flue to be used。and avoid using single

vertical flues。which are prone to causing fumes to flow back and

mix with each other。By following these design standards。we

can effectively ce the n caused by cooking fumes and improve the

living environment for residents.

在多台抽油烟机共同工作时，倒灌会更加严重。一些楼盘为了增大厨房面积，缩小了竖向烟道的横截面积，没有机械排烟装置，导致排烟系统流量很小，排烟不畅。特别是在一些高层住宅，排烟系统没有达到设计标准。烟道设计有待改进。住宅建筑专家表示，目前楼盘普遍采用的竖向烟道自然通风的作用力主要依靠室内外空气温差形成的热压，但在夏季，室内气温低于室外气温时，这种烟道就不能形成自然通风所需的作用力。因此，楼盘在设计烟道时需要留有安装排气机械的位置和条件。另外，烟道设计时忽略抽油烟机静压，认为只有热压作用使得烟气从室内排至大气，各住户抽油烟机的流量相等，但事实并非如此。现在国内外生产的抽油烟机流量大、风压高，烟气从室内经过烟道排至室外所依靠的动力主要是抽油烟机提供的压力，而热压所起的作用很小。因此，抽烟机工作时，会形成旋涡和局部压强增大，当烟气在烟道内流动时进入其他层

的烟道口，就会发生串味和排气不畅。此外，烟道的横截面不足，在施工中有异物阻塞等原因也会造成排气不畅。设计差的烟道会造成大量有害气体和油烟滞留在楼房之间，污染小区的空气。有害气体会随气流和风从窗户倒灌进住户的家里，造成室内空气污染，令居民的生活受到污染。因此，一个切实可行的解决方法是在抽油烟机与烟道之间的适当位置，增设一道密封功能好的风动闸门，闸门在动力的作用下自动开放，不用时自动关闭，以有效地隔断烟道的异味进入厨房。并在竖井上方安装排油烟风机，只要安装一个联动控制线路，就可使屋顶风机和用户抽油烟机同步运行。

烟道类型包括单烟道式、主次式、变压式和止逆阀式。变压式止逆烟道已能有效解决烟道倒灌和串味问题，建设部已发文，要求在住宅建筑中推广使用这种烟道。这种烟道能通过改变烟道的截面形式和风帽结构，利用烟气流动的物理规律，使气流保持向上运动，保证各楼层烟道口处风压为负压或在压左右，有效排放油烟。未来住宅的通风系统设计，将重点解决烟风道技术问题，研究开发新型专用的烟风道系统和接口配件，形成完整的竖向排烟气的成套技术产品。像多层住宅变压式共用排气管道技术，就是充分利用空气动力学动压与静压转换的

流通截面的大小，消除了气幕的阻滞作用和在特定位置完成动压与静压的转换，使不开抽油烟机的厨房排气口处静压很小，呈负压状态形成抽力而消除串气现象。

导流管、变压板、烟道和漏油点等组成。

2、型号分为MFC-1、MFC-2、MFC-3三种，分别适用于不同层数的建筑。

3、该系统已在多个住宅小区和商业楼宇中得到应用，取得了良好的效果和用户反馈。

山东省建筑标准设计图集（L09J106）

本图集适用于45层以下的多层和高层住宅厨房的机械排油、排烟、卫生间机械排气、烟道油污排放和烟道防火。

编制依据：

1、本图集根据中华人民共和国大陆地区实际情况编制，由山东桓台麦丰住宅烟道厂制定。

2、参考了重庆市巴南区麦丰住宅烟道厂的专利。

3、遵循《房屋建筑制图统一标准》（GBJ1-86）、《建筑设计防火规范》（GBJ16-87）、《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》（GB-95）、《建筑抗震设计规范》（修订版）（GB-95）、《住宅厨房排风道》（JG/T3004-1998）和《变压式油烟气、油污集中排放烟道企业产品标准》（Q/MFC1-2006）等标准。

MFC变压式油烟气、油污集中排放（防火）系统特点：

1、本系统采用了自由落体重力学和空气动力学以及物质密度学原理，取得了国际专利。

2、导流道的设计改变了以往变压式烟道管体来自外来重压承载不足的缺点。

3、导流管的下端设计了漏油点，能有效排放油渣，避免串烟串味的现象。

4、变压板处能消除串烟串味的现象。

5、底楼设计了节油清洗通道，能防止烟道内油渣积累引发火灾。

油烟气排放系统与型号：

1、该系统由排油烟机、联接器、MFC垂直导流管、变压板、烟道和漏油点等组成。

2、型号分为MFC-1、MFC-2、MFC-3三种，分别适用于不同层数的建筑。

3、该系统已在多个住宅小区和商业楼宇中得到应用，取得了良好的效果和用户反馈。

The system consists of five parts: oil fume duct。roof wind

cap。bottom of the building fuel-saving cleaning channel.

There are three types of MFC oil fume ducts available for

design n:

1) MFC-A type is suitable for all types of residential

bathrooms;

2) MFC-B type is suitable for all types of residential kitchens;

3) MFC-C type is suitable for oil fume exhaust from kitchens

and bathrooms connected to each other.

The B150 connector is an automatic closing louver that can

prevent exhaust gas from flowing back.

The wind cap consists of four parts: bottom plate。wind

guide plate。negative pressure plate。and cover plate。which can

be prefabricated in the factory or on-site assembled.

When using MFC ducts for bathroom exhaust。it should be

equipped with a ceiling-mounted self-sealing exhaust fan or a n-mounted self-sealing exhaust fan.

The standard length of the MFC duct is L3000mm。which

can be increased or decreased according to the height of the

residential building.

For residential buildings below seven floors。the wind cap is

made of brick and M5 cement mortar。For residential buildings

above seven floors。the wind cap is made of C20 concrete with a

wall thickness of 100mm and is internally equipped with Φ6＠200

double-sided steel bars or fiberglass mesh。which is cast on-site.

The MFC duct is made of low-alkali enhanced cement mortar

and is rced with a 10×10mm alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh cloth。After 28 days of natural curing。it es a thin-walled rectangular

duct with a wall thickness of 10mm.

The cover plate。wind guide plate。and negative pressure

plate are made of C20 fine stone concrete and are prefabricated

with a 10×10 alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh cloth.

The bottom of the building fuel-saving cleaning pipe is made

of Φ120PVC pipe.

Quality standards:

The inner and outer surfaces should be smooth and flat。without unevenness。roughness (less than 1/2 of the total area)。cracks。etc。and the corners should be rounded.

The two ends of the duct should be square and straight。with

a diagonal error of ≤3mm。wall thickness of ≤2mm。lateral

bending of ≤4mm。length error of ≤4mm。and no twisting.

The bottom of the building fuel-saving cleaning pipe should

be connected to the building's exhaust duct and must be sealed

during normal times.

The leakage point of the guide pipe must be ≤.

Strength: the axial compressive load design P≥25KN。the

bending strength bearing capacity design value Pf≥4KN。the

component wall thickness impulse force Ft≥mmp。and the axial

compressive failure bearing capacity P>38kN.

The fire resistance limit of the duct is ≥1 hour。and the fire

resistance limit n method shall be carried out according to the

method specified in GB9978.

n and n:

After the finished product is inspected and accepted。it

should be stacked on a flat site。and the stacking height should not

exceed 6 layers.

When transporting the duct vertically。protective measures

should be taken。and it must be lifted from two points.

The n sequence of the duct should be from bottom to top.

When installing the MFC duct。a mounting hole larger than

the size of the duct should be reserved on the floor where the duct

is installed.

Before installing the MFC duct。check and repair the

reserved hole on the floor。mark the centerline of the duct。place

the duct in place。fix it with wooden wedges around it。straighten

it with a hanging line。and seal the upper and lower duct joint

surfaces with cement mortar。Finally。use C20 fine stone

concrete to fill the gap in the reserved hole in two batches。compact it。and make a waterproof reverse mouth that is 30mm

higher than the ground.

6、在进行厨房和卫生间地面面层施工之前，必须安装好烟道。

7、屋顶保温隔热层和防水层施工前，必须先安装好出屋面烟道。

8、对于高层住宅，每两层楼之间的烟道安装必须进行承重处理，并在洞口边上下各附加2根Φ1钢筋加筋。

9、室外安装烟道时，必须使用30×3扁钢与邻近墙体铆固连接，以确保稳固。

10、楼底节油清洗管必须与底层烟道同时安装。

11、MFC型烟道是一种薄构件，安装和搬运时必须轻抬轻放，严禁冲击碰撞，并且不得在烟道上堆放其他重物或行走。

12、排烟系统严禁将燃气热水器排烟和底层商用房通风、通气排入其中。

其他注意事项：

1、本图集的尺寸单位为毫米。

2、本图集引用了MFC型变压式油烟气、油污集中排放（防火）系统专利技术，其中在中国大陆地区获得的专利号为：（未给出具体号码）；该系统在其他国家和地区也获得了专利，请查阅相关资料。

3、在编制过程中，本图集参考了中国大陆各省市的烟道图集。4、本图集适用于中国大陆地区。