看电影学英语附讲解《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》[

2023年4月24日发(作者：地源热泵供暖的利与弊)

1. pedigree

这是一个相对比较正式的单词，意思一般是“出身；家族；血统；门第”等。当然在指动物时

一般是指“纯种”。这种词在题材相对严肃的影片中比较容易遇到。给大家举几个例子以便更

容易记住它：

1） A penniless lass with a long pedigree and a sweet face, she had been raised

by a scheming aunt to find a million dollars and marry it.

这位小姑娘虽然一贫如洗，却是世家出身，由姑母抚养大，长得俏丽动人。这位长辈颇有心

计，一心想让侄女嫁个百万富翁。

2）He comes from a family of pedigree.

他出身名门。

. Katherine Watson didn't come to Wellesley to fit in.

这个句子的意思是：凯瑟琳·华森到韦尔斯利学院并非是来融入其中的。这种句式是英语中

的一种常见句式，我们称之为否定转移句。此句里的否定不是针对come，而是否定fit in

的。类似的句子有很多，比如：

I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. 这句话的意思不是表面说的“我不教

书是因为教书对我来说很容易”，而是“我教书并不是因为教书对我来说很容易。”

再比如在之前的电影《情归巴黎》中，有两句台词是这样的：

No self-respecting lawyer would offer less.

No self-respecting waitress would take it.

要注意两句的翻译为：

--任何一个有自尊的律师提供的价钱都不会比这个数目少。

--任何一个有自尊的女侍者都不会接受这笔钱。

所以大家在理解否定转移句子的时候要特别当心，同时也可以学着用类似的表达。

3. Terrific

口语中极常见的感叹词，意思一般是“好极了，棒极了，太漂亮了”等等。我们再积累一些类

似表达的词汇，如：

Gorgeous, fantastic, amazing, superb, fabulous, wonderful, marvelous 等等，这

些词在口语中本身就可以构成单字的句子，通常表示感叹。

4. I'm dying to meet her.

相信大家一看这个句子就理解它的意思了，因为非常形象。当我们想表达对什么事情的急切

和渴望的心情的时候，就可以用这种夸张的说法。意思是very eager to do sth.

如：She's dying to leave for Paris.

她非常想去巴黎。

Ｉam dying to watch the movie adapted from my favorite novel.

我迫不及待地想看看这部改编自我最喜欢的小说的电影。

文化面面观

Bohemian 波希米亚

波希米亚又指波希米亚主义，指一种艺术家气质、一种时尚潮流、一种反传统的生活模式。

虽然波希米亚人是指捷克波希米亚省的当地人，波希米亚人的这个涵义却是出现在19世纪

的法国。波希米亚人这个词被用来指称那些希望过非传统生活风格的一群艺术家、作家与任

何对传统不抱幻想的人。这个词反映了15世纪以来法国人对来自于波希米亚的吉普赛人的

观感。在法国人的想像中，"波希米亚人"会让他们联想到四处漂泊的吉普赛人，他们是自外

于传统社会的一群人，不受传统的束缚，或许还会带来一些神秘的启示，可能对他们也有一

些太不注重个人卫生的指责意味在里面。《美国大学辞典》将 bohemian 定义为"一个具

有艺术或思维倾向的人，他们生活和行动都不受传统行为准则的影响"。保守的美国人经常

将波希米亚人和毒品以及自陷贫困连结在一起。然而，过去一个半世纪以来许多最有才华的

欧洲与美国文学名家都拥有波希米亚气质，因此如果列出一张波希米亚人名单的话会非常冗

长。所以这个词在二十世纪五十年代的美国跟"垮掉的一代"和六七十年代的"嬉皮士"关系非

常密切。影片中之所以用这个词来形容Katherine Watson,就是要突出她是个与众不同、

反传统的人。

1. Collect

这实际上是一个很简单的词，希望大家了解这个熟悉的词的比较容易被忽略的一个意思：由

对方支付费用的。Collect 本来是一个副词，但是在口语里演变为名词用法，等于省略的a

collect phone call。所以以后当大家自己在电话中听到了这个词的时候，要明白这是要你

自己付钱的电话哦。

2. Tough

在这个片段里这个单词的意思是“艰难；棘手”。但这实在是一个意思很多变的词，所以想用

几个例子给大家加深一下印象：

She is a tough mother to her only son. 对于唯一的儿子来说，她是个严厉的母亲。

But she is also a tough customer while shopping. 但是购物的时候，她也是个难伺

候的顾客。

The beef we are eating is tough. 我们吃的牛肉有点嚼不动。

Journalists raised a lot of tough questions in the press conference. 记者招待会上

记者们提出了很多尖刻的问题。

3. I'm babbling.

很生动的一个小句子，意思是“我瞎说的；我多嘴了”。Babbling本身就有喋喋不休的意思，

也是一个比较常用的表达：

Babbling bothers one's ears. 多言聒耳

Don't be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort. 别听他们胡说八道，根本没

那回事。

4. You name it.

“凡你想得起的；不管什么(都有了或都干了等)”的意思。我们再用两个例子来加深大家的印

象：

1) Fancy chocolates, exotic flowers-you name it, we had it. 精制的巧克力，外国

的鲜花。只要你能想到的，我们都享用了。

2) This is the biggest department store in the city-you name it, and they've got

it. 这是这座城市里最大的百货公司，你要什么这里就有什么。

文化面面观

Wellesley College

韦尔斯利女子学院

韦尔斯利女子学院，位于马萨诸塞州的韦尔斯利。在美国属于历史悠久的名校，

培养了很多社会名媛名流。影片就是在韦尔斯利学院实景拍摄的。

Wellesley College is a private institution of higher education for women,

located in Wellesley, Massachusetts, 19 km (12 mi) west of Boston. It

was founded in 1870 and opened for instruction in 1875.

An undergraduate institution, Wellesley confers bachelor's degrees in a variety

of fields. Courses of study are offered in the liberal arts and sciences, the fine

arts, the natural sciences, and the performing arts. Wellesley's Margaret Clapp

Library holds more than 1 million items; its special collections contain the

complete love letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning.

Science facilities include the Margaret C. Ferguson Greenhouses. The Davis

Museum and Cultural Center, which opened in 1992, houses the college's art,

music, and theater departments.

Monalisa Smile 《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》精讲之一 考考你 参考答案

A grand

building

in

Wellesley

College

１. 他从小被人收养，没有机会了解自己的身世。

He was adopted as a child, so he had no opportunity of learning his own

pedigree.

２. 你穿上这件衣服简直太漂亮了！

You look terrific in this dress.

３. 我现在真想得到一辆好车！

I'm dying to get a fancy car right now!

1. grotesque

这是这部电影里经常碰到的一个单词，意思是“(风格)奇异，古怪，荒诞的”。我们来看个例

子：Everything seemed strange, so tawdry and grotesque. 一切都很新奇，很花哨，

有点滑稽可笑。

在口语中还有一些其它常用的词来表示“奇怪的”这一意思的词，出现频率都很高。比如

weird，如：Sabrina went out with Linus? That's too weird. 莎宾娜和莱纳斯出去约

会了？简直太奇怪了！

Strange，这是一个大熟词，就不举例子了。

Odd，如 It's odd that she should have kept such an ugly name as Ellen. 真奇怪

她居然一直用埃伦这么个难听的名字。

Bizarre，如：For him, it was a bizarre and tedious experience. 对他来说这是一次

奇特而又乏味的经历。

2. aggressive

这个单词不知道怎么回事，很容易被大家记住的意思是“侵略性的，攻击性的”，因而我们经

常把它当作贬义词来使用。但是在英语中，尤其在美语中，这个词还有另一个常用意思是“大

胆的，积极进取的”。所以这个词在本片段中的意思就不是侵略性的，而是“前卫的，大胆的”。

e.g. He is an aggressive young executive. 他是一个进取心很强的年轻管理

3. much less

这是一个固定表达，意思是“何况，更不要说……” 相当于let alone，例如：

1) I didn't even see your brother, much less speak to him. 我连见都没见过你弟弟，

更别说跟他说话了。

2) I dare not speak to him, much less express my feelings to him. 我连话都不敢

跟他说，更别说是表达感情了。

4. look beyond the paint

此句的意思是：别拘泥于图像本身。

很明显，这个句子中的关键词是beyond，在这里提出来是希望大家注意这个单词的意思在

翻译的时候非常灵活，在本句里取的就是这个单词的基本词义：超越。我们可以看看一些其

它的例子：

1）It's quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker.

我实在无法理解为什么她会嫁给这样一个烟鬼。

2) Understanding this article is beyond my capacity. 我看不懂这篇文章。

3) The rumor is beyond belief. 这谣言不可信。

文化面面观

1. Soutine

Chaim Soutine， (1893-1943)，立陶宛裔的法国表现主义画家。他的作品多为令人不

安的扭曲的人物或令人厌恶的主题。他的绘画作品有《牛肋肉》(1925年），即本片中的

Carcass of Beef，和《领班》（1928年）。

2. Ansel Adams (1902-1984)

Ansel Easton Adams, American photographer, known for his black-and-white

photographs of Yosemite National Park, the California coast, and other

wilderness areas of the American West. Adams's painstaking control of tonality

and detail made him unequalled as a technical master of the black and white

print.

Autumn

moon by

Adams published more than two dozen books, including My Camera in

Ansel

Adams

the National Parks (1950), Ansel Adams: Images 1923-1974 (1974),

Photographs of the Southwest (1976), and Yosemite and the Range of

Light (1979). Shortly after his death, Ansel Adams: An Autobiography was

published in 1985.

思想火花

影片中的这个片段是Katherine在影片中上的第二节课，因为第一次课上得相当狼狈，她

是下定决心在这次课当中扳回一局。但是我们也能看到她并不是为了跟学生较劲才这样安排

自己的课，这堂课的目的非常明确，就是为了告诉学生几句话：Look beyond the paint.

Let us try to open our minds to a new idea. 艺术史不光是对艺术史死记硬背的一门

课，也应该有自己对艺术的理解，所以从这节课开始，Katherine一直带着她的学生们体

会近一百年来的艺术。

Monalisa Smile 《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》精讲之二 考考你 参考答案

１. 阿甘发现捕虾是件十分困难的事情。

Forrest Gump found scrimping is very tough.

2. 我吓得瘫倒在她面前，语无伦次地嗫嚅起来。

I fell to the ground before her, babbling confusedly in my terror.

3. 我瞎说的，你别当真。

I'm babbling. Don't take it seriously.

４. 这家饭店很豪华。你想吃什么他们就有什么。

This restaurant is very fancy. You name it and they've had it.

1. I would have been here sooner.

这句话的意思是我本来能早点来的。

Would/should have been on time这种表达通常的意思是“本来应该做但结果没有做成

的事情”，经常在语法中被归为虚拟语气的一种。我们在听听力或者日常对话中往往容易忽

略这种语气，但是英语国家的人对这个表达的意思特别敏感，因为往往一听到

would/should have been，就明白对方说的事可能黄了。举几个电影中的例子：

1）I should have died there with my men. 我本来应该和我的手下一起死在战场上的。

（Forrest Gump）

2）Paris is always a good idea. I was happy there. You would have been too. 去

巴黎永远都是好主意。我在那儿很快乐。你本来也可以很快乐的。（Sabrina）

3）I don't think anybody doubts it would have been an enormously successful

venture. 我想没人会怀疑我们合并后会成为一个相当成功的企业。（Sabrina）

2. unwritten rule

不成文的规矩

An unwritten rule, law, or agreement is one that is understood and accepted by

everyone, although it may not have been formally or officially established. 例

如：

He bore the unwritten rule in mind. 他牢记那条不成文的规矩。

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3. Don't bother.

这是一个常用短句，意思是“别劳神，别费心，别麻烦”。大家可以学着用用：

1）Don't bother, I'll do them myself later. 别麻烦了，我一会自己做。

2）I didn't bother to have the car checked, a mistake for which I paid dearly. 当

时我为了省事没有检查汽车，这一失误让我付出了惨重代价。

3）Mrs. Wilkes, don't bother about your husband. 维尔克斯太太，您不必为你的先

生担心。

文化面面观

Vincent Van Gogh 文森特·梵·高

Van Gogh, Vincent (1853-1890), Dutch painter who exemplified the idea of the

artist as tortured genius. His work represents the epitome of expressionism:

color, line, and brush stroke are used to express the artist's emotional response

to the subject rather than to describe it accurately.

凡·高，文森特是荷兰后印象主义派作家。他的早期作品，如《吃马铃暑的人》，用低沉、

暗淡的色彩描绘了农民的生活。他的后期作品，包括许多自画像，一系列向日葵花的画，和

《星夜》(1889年），以大胆的、有节奏的绘画技巧和鲜艳的颜色为特点。他与失落情绪

长期斗争最终以自杀结束.

Bedroom

at Arles

The

Starry

Night

Monalisa Smile 《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》精讲之三 考考你 参考答案

1) "It's grotesque", he muttered, "you can't expect me to accept this!"

“这件事太离奇了，”他喃喃自语道，“你们别指望我会接受！”

2) Being passive and receptive rather than active and aggressive, Carrie

accepted the situation. Her state seemed satisfactory enough.

嘉莉天性被动、容忍,而不是主动、进取,因此她安于现状。她的处境似乎还很令她满意。

3) This work is beyond my grasp.

这份工作非我能力所及。

考考你

请翻译下面一段精彩对白。

Betty: Don't disregard our traditions just because you're subversive.

Katherine: Don't disrespect this class just because you're married.

Betty: Don't disrespect me just because you're not.

Katherine: Come to class, do the work, or I'll fail you.

Betty: lf you fail me, there will be consequences.

Katherine: Are you threatening me?

Betty: I'm educating you.

Katherine: That's my job.

3. It slipped。

我说漏嘴了。

Slip的意思很多，最常用的意思是：滑、溜、失足、纰漏、失误等。我们可以通过以下例

子体会这个词的意思。

1) a slip of tongue 说漏嘴了；口误

a slip of pen 笔误

2）He was in two minds on that chance, which resulted in having let it slip

through his fingers. 由于他当时犹豫不决而眼睁睁错过了最后的机会。

4. Are you in？

你来吗？

这个表达的肯定形式是 I'm in. 表示“我参加；我加入；算我一个”。这又是一个口语短句，

在口语中还有类似的表达，如：Count me in. 也是“算我一个”的意思。其相反意思的表达

是：Count me out.

5. She wears his pin.

这句话表面的意思是“她带了他的徽章”。Pin 在这里的意思是：a fraternity pin gave to

(a woman) in token of attachment. 定情物（将自己大学联谊会会徽送女人作为定情

物）

所以在这里这句话的含义是“她已经带上了他的定情信物”，或者“他们俩已经定下终身”。

Monalisa Smile 《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》精讲之四 考考你 参考答案

Betty: Don't disregard our traditions just because you're subversive.

不要以为你是个颠覆分子，就可以无视我们的传统。

Katherine: Don't disrespect this class just because you're married.

不要以为你结婚了，就不尊重这堂课。

Betty: Don't disrespect me just because you're not.

不要因为你没结婚，就不尊重我。

Katherine: Come to class, do the work, or I'll fail you.

按时上课，做作业，要不然给你不及格。

Betty: lf you fail me, there will be consequences.

如果你让我不及格，后果自负。

Katherine: Are you threatening me?

你在威胁我?

Betty: I'm educating you.

我在教导你。

Katherine: That's my job.

那是我的工作。

1 come up against

“遭遇，碰到”。这是一个固定词组，影片中的这句台词的意思是：我将来可不希望在任何一

个法庭上碰到你。我们来看几个例子：

1) We have come up against an unexpected problem. 我们碰到了一个意想不到的

问题。

2) When we come up against difficulties, we should cross a river in the same

boat. 遇到困难，我们应该同舟共济。

2. Keep you on your toes.

使人警觉，准备行动

If you say that someone or something keeps you on your toes, you mean that

they cause you to remain alert and ready for anything that might happen.

e.g. His experience in this field has kept all the rivals on their toes. 他在这个领

域里的经验让他的对手们都十分警觉。

Toe 还有一些其它的习语：

Dig one's toe in 坚持自己的立场；坚决不肯让步

From top to toe 从头到脚，完完全全

Turn up one's toes / turn one's toes up (俚语)死

3. Compel

强迫；驱使，驱策

这是个常用词，但是作者在上课的过程中发现这个词经常成为大部分同学的听力障碍，换言

之，这个词不是那么多人熟悉它，所以在这里把它单拎出来解释一下。

1) Can they compel obedience from us? 他们能迫使我们听从命令吗?

2) I should assign you your share of labor, and compel you to accomplish it. 我

要把属于你的那份劳动分配给你，并且强迫你完成它。

3）He had a presence that inspired and a voice that compelled. 他的神态令人敬

畏，他的声音令人敬从。

1. 每次一碰到这个家伙，我就会被他的喋喋不休困住。

Every time I met this guy I was definitely trapped by his blabber mouth.

2. 星期六的晚会你来吗？

Are you in the party Saturday night?

3. 不好意思，我给你的材料中有一处笔误。

Excuse me, but there is one slip of pen in the material I gave you.

化面面观

Greenwich Village （美国纽约市作家等聚居的）格林威治村

Sunrise over West Greenwich Village & the New Jersey Hudson

River Palisades

by Hubert J Steed

A residential section of the borough of Manhattan, New York City, usually

regarded as comprising the area within West 14th Street on the north,

Broadway on the east, West Houston Street on the south, and the Hudson River

on the west. Although modern apartment buildings have been constructed,

many of the district's 19th-century buildings remain, lining its narrow, winding

streets. The hub of Greenwich Village is Washington Square Park, which

contains Washington Arch. The New School for Social Research and the main

campus of New York University are located here. Greenwich Village was settled

in colonial times by residents of New York City, which was then confined to the

region south of Wall Street. By the mid-19th century, the Village had become an

integral part of New York. In the 1880s immigrants moved into the area in

increasing numbers. Shortly after 1900, Greenwich Village began to attract

artists, writers, actors, and political theorists from all parts of the U.S. In the

1970s Greenwich Village began to lose its dominance of new artistic and cultural

trends in New York to SoHo, a neighborhood to the south.